![]() ![]() ![]() By war's end, the Union had set up 100 contraband camps in the South, and the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony (1863–1867) was developed to be a self-sustaining colony. Butler in 1861, in what came to be known as the " Fort Monroe Doctrine," established in Hampton, Virginia. The policy was first articulated by General Benjamin F. Main article: Contraband (American Civil War)ĭuring the American Civil War, Confederate-owned slaves who sought refuge in Union military camps or who lived in territories that fell under Union control were declared "contraband of war". Under the conditions of modern warfare, in which armed conflict has largely become a struggle involving the total populations of the contending powers, virtually all commodities are classified by belligerents as absolute contraband. In former agreements among nations, certain other commodities, including soap, paper, clocks, agricultural machinery and jewelry, have been classified as non-contraband, but the distinctions have proved meaningless in practice. Cargo of that kind, presumably innocent in character, is subject to seizure if in the opinion of the belligerent nation that seizes them, the supplies are destined for the armed forces of the enemy rather than for civilian use and consumption. The former category includes arms, munitions, and various materials, such as chemicals and certain types of machinery that may be used directly to wage war or be converted into instruments of war.Ĭonditional contraband, formerly known as occasional contraband, consists of such materials as provisions and livestock feed. Traditionally, contraband is classified into two categories, absolute contraband and conditional contraband. In international law, contraband means goods that are ultimately destined for territory under the control of the enemy and may be susceptible for use in armed conflict. Contraband weapons seized by an Afghan and coalition security force during an offensive security operation in Nangarhar
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